What complications can we suffer?

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an increase of glucose in their blood above their normal levels. It is believed that there hyperglycemia when its rate is higher than 180 mg / dl, and serious when it stood at 250 mg / dl.

It occurs when the insulin dose is inadequate, food has been excessive, when it has become less of the scheduled exercise or if there is any disease or infection. In these cases, the body reacts to remove any excess glucose that is in the blood. By not taking enough insulin the body tends to eliminate it through the urine, so the body loses a large amount of water. Appears glucose in urine, and the sensation of hunger is increasing because the cells do not have enough power.

If hyperglycemia is not adequately ketosis can occur. In addition, hyperglycemia increases the risk of infection, blindness, kidney disease, complications in the movement, and injuries to the peripheral nerves … and so on.

Symptoms of hyperglycemia are an intense thirst, dry mouth and pasty, continuing desire to urinate, fatigue and drowsiness, blurred vision and tired, and quick and deep breaths.

In case you see a hyperglycemia, it is recommended to follow these tips:

If it is not time to get the insulin (in case of type I diabetes), will be an additional dose of insulin or ultra-fast.
If hyperglycemia is caused by a disease, we will have to go to the doctor to deal adequately with the situation caused by hyperglycemia.
Should increase the dose of insulin on the following day?
Should make checks every 30 minutes to see the evolution of hyperglycemia?
It is necessary to drink plenty to avoid dehydration.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is the decline in the rate of glucose below their normal levels (60 mg / dl). It is one of the most frequent in the treatment of diabetes, especially in patients treated with insulin levels normal.

Some of the cause’s hypoglycemia is poor diet, not eating after being given insulin, the practice of physical exercise with an unbalanced level of insulin, or ingestion of an excessive dose of insulin or oral.

When the level of glucose in the blood decreases, there is a release of several hormones in the blood (glucagon, adrenaline, growth hormone …) that facilitate the use of glucose in places of booking.

The symptoms of hypoglycemia are excessive sweating, feeling of hunger, nervousness and sudden changes of mood, dizziness and double vision and blurry.

To prevent the occurrence of this extreme situation, it is desirable that the diabetic always carry sugar or foods that contain carbohydrates for quick absorption. Will advise the lumps of sugar or glucose tablets, fruit juices, sweets and sugary soft drinks? On the other hand, are not recommended carbohydrate absorption slow, like chocolate, ice cream, bread or buns.

In the event that the diabetic is unconscious, he should not give liquids and must be administered with a glucagon injection. You should set the following day the dose of insulin serving at the time of hypoglycemia. Obviously, it was alerted to a doctor.

Ketosis

It is a disorder caused when the dose of insulin is insufficient, or when the balance is altered diabetic because of some disease, a metabolic decompensate or hyperglycemia.

In this situation the body can not get energy from carbohydrates, and therefore must provide energy by burning fats. When this happens, it generates toxic remnants known as ketone bodies, one of which is acetone. This substance accumulates in the blood and is excreted through urine.

The ketosis carries a significant risk for diabetes, and if not treated properly, and it continues to evolve, can lead to diabetic coma.

The symptoms of ketosis are the same as a hyperglycemia: pasty or dry mouth, intense thirst, strong need to urinate, fatigue and drowsiness, blurred vision and breathing fast and deep. If ketosis progresses, ketone bodies appear in the blood, whose symptoms are not hungry, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty in breathing and presence of acetone in the urine.

In the event that a ketosis, you should act the same way as in the case of hyperglycemia:

* If it is not time to get the insulin (in case of type I diabetes), will be an additional dose of insulin or ultra-fast.
* If hyperglycemia is caused by a disease, we will have to go to the doctor to adequately treat the illness or the situation caused by hyperglycemia.
* Should increase the dose of insulin on the following day?
* Checks should be taken every 30 minutes to see the evolution of hyperglycemia.
* It is necessary to drink plenty to avoid dehydration.

The importance of self -

The pancreas releases insulin so variable, adapting to it depends on the glycerin food, for the year, the state of mind … For this reason, the diabetic, in order to inject the appropriate amount of insulin; it must maintain strict control of blood glucose levels. If this keeps AUTO CONTROL diabetic glucose and adjusting their habits - diet, insulin, exercise - at the rate of glucose, can keep the disease at bay and avoid any complication.

The patient then becomes a fundamental responsibility. It is he who has the tool for managing diabetes. Therefore, the Diabetes education on the part of nurses or medical personnel specialist is the indispensable foundation of self-control, to provide the information necessary for its implementation and evaluation, and at the same time, teach regulate any lack dialectologists at the time in which he was present.

The measurement of blood glucose

To keep a check on our disease is necessary to make measurements of blood glucose, which will allow us to make the appropriate changes, to improve our control and thus getting an optimum state to avoid the complications of diabetes.

Today there on the market large numbers of blood glucose meters, and this allows a diabetic to choose the device that best suits their needs. Its use is very simple, and all diabetics should have one. It is necessary that the doctor is aware of the controls of the patient, so we can resolve the possible abuses of the treatment and control of the match basis.

During the initial period of the disease, or in times of instability or complications that arise, it is necessary to make the measurement of blood glucose at least seven times a day:

1) Morning fasting
2) two hours after breakfast
3) Before lunch
4) Mid-afternoon snack or before
5) Before dinner
6) two hours after dinner
7) And between 2 and 4 am

When diabetes is controlled, checks should be made early in the morning - always fasting - and a minimum of 1 or 2 checks throughout the day at different times; also must do a full profile once a week. Once a month, when changes have been made of insulin at night or suspected the existence of nocturnal hypoglycemia, you should perform a blood glucose control between 2 and 4 am.

When the controls are detected in any alteration of blood sugar, should be a check the next day and at the same time, to check its progress.

In the event that the level of blood glucose exceeds 250 mg / dl or when there is a coincident disease (influenza, for example), there is a need for urine tests to detect excess glucose or ketone bodies.