Facts on sports nutrition, information on muscle contraction…

The skeletal muscles
The skeletal muscle consists of two different muscle fiber types, the so-called red and white muscle fibers. The red muscle fibers have a small diameter and are rich red dye muscle, the mayo globins. They are also a lot of mitochondria to aerobic energy generation and are responsible for the performance of muscle endurance.

In contrast, the white muscle fibers thick contain less Mayo goblin und mitochondria and use mainly the anaerobic glycol sis for energy production. The high proportion of contractile elements, the Mayo fibril Len, they must be capable of short-term high performance.

The muscle contraction
The skeletal muscle consists of bundled muscle fibers, the Fadden forming Mayo fibril Len, the contractile elements of the muscle. The Mayo fibril Len consists of the muscle proteins actins and myosin. When muscle contraction pushes these two-muscle filaments telescope into each other to shorten the muscle. For this operation, energy is necessary. This is essentially in the body of an energy phosphate connection, of the adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) that for the regeneration Keratin phosphate (KP).

The energy production ATP and CP
The one emerge Phosphoresces of ATP to adenosine-di-phosphate (ADP) and it is energy that the body of his (athletic) activity. The energy supply by ATP its sufficient only for a few seconds.

With the help of an enzyme, creation kinas, the energies Reich erne Keratin phosphate (CP) a rest asphalted phosphate, ADP to ATP regenerated. The two-energy storage ATP and CP supply, depending on the load, from 5 to 20 seconds energy. This type of energy production enough just for short-distance runs has 100 or 200 meters. In the case of prolonged muscular work, the regeneration of the ATP is reducing glucose.

Glycol sis
Glucose is the human organism in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles. While the Liberal yeomen mainly for the maintenance of blood sugar levels is responsible, the Musket glycogen for the energy supply used. This is in the form of glucose staffed selective converted the glucose-6-phosphate. The glucose-6-phosphate is over several metabolic processes, the so-called glycol sis to private dismantled.

From here you have two different operations:
1st anaerobic glycol sis
2nd aerobic glycol sis

The anaerobic glycol sis: The anaerobic glycol sis is the glucose breakdown in the cytoplasm of the cell without oxygen (anaerobic). In a muscle tension of about 20 - 90 sec, the ATP production mainly from the anaerobic glycol sis. The glucose is here to lactic acid (lactate) dismantled and there is an energy profit of 2 moles of ATP. The rising Lactation indentation in blood (Lactate cadies) restricts these metabolic however, as the contraction of the muscle and the glycol lichen key enzymes inhibited. The muscle is fatigue.

The aerobic glycol sis: For aerobic degradation of the glucose needs the muscle cells of oxygen. In Citrate zincous is the complete oxidation of glucose. This provides Abacuses mole with 38 ATP much more energy than the anaerobic glycol sis. Switching to the different metabolic pathways to ATP production depends on the nature and duration of exposure. Prolonged effort is made to switch to the more effective aerobic glucose reduction. In a 800 m run, the ATP synthesis after emptying the ATP and Keratin phosphates peachier by anaerobic glycol sis. For longer distances or run long effort generally covers the muscle cell ATP their needs through aerobic glucose reduction. But Muskeg glycogen glucose cannot be unlimited. In the case of permanent loads, such as a marathon, the rich Glycogen reserves not enough. After 1 to 2 hours, the stress on his body fat deposits back.

The lip less
The lip less is the fat burning of human Organisms. The oxidation of fatty acids provides four times energy as much energy (148 Mol ATP) such as the burning of carbohydrates. Since fat also Citrate cycles overstuff wetsuit is for this reaction oxygen. However, for the oxidation of fatty acids needed more oxygen than carbohydrates. When glucose oxidation provides a mole of oxygen 6.34 mole ATP, in the fat oxidation only 5.61 mole ATP. As the oxygen uptake by the lungs is limited, the fat oxidation is less effective than Kathleen drat oxidation. This means that both the oxygen intake as well as the size of the Glycogen peachier for the performance of great importance.

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